Cyber theft

Cyber theft Introduction The modern day world is becoming a global village with expanding usage of the Internet. The Internet has now penetrated across the globe even to the developing countries where it is being embraced and used widely. The invention and adoption of the Internet has accelerated the growth of business through improved means of communication but, at the same time, malicious people have invaded internet making it insecure for its users.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cyber theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This vast network has now become a target for illegal activities and enterprise, or simply cyber crime, which involves criminal acts that involve communication, computers and internet network. Many internet users see the Internet as the safest means of communication and doing business, thus, there is a need to protect these users from malicious people who conduct cyber crime. This research paper will address the usage of internet and how internet theft has continued to thrive as the technology advances and how users of the internet can be made safer. The research will categorically put more emphasis on cyber theft and its consequences (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). Background The internet does not have the same level of regulation as mobile phones, as there is no overarching body to provide consumers with a first place of contact to raise concerns about disreputable or criminal behaviour. It is not the responsibility of an ISP to regulate behaviour online, and they cannot enforce a code of conduct on those offering commercial services online. The Internet Service Providers (ISP) also has not regulatory body. As a result, individuals who experience cyber crime can only refer it to the police or possibly simply attempt to minimise any financial loss by contacting banks and online services, depending on the exact nature of the crime. There is no single first point o f advice and help for the consumer, which makes precaution and prevention the best way to avoid becoming a victim of cyber crime (Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study, 2011). Cyber crime can be divided into three categories, namely cyber vandalism, cyber terrorism and cyber theft. While this paper focuses on cyber theft, it is important to briefly explain these other crimes. Cyber vandalism includes all kinds of technological destruction, which involve malicious attack at disturbing, defacing and destroying technology that they find offensive. Cyber terrorism, on the other hand, involves acts that are aimed at undermining the social, economic and political system of an enemy by destroying its electronic infrastructure and disrupting its economy.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cyber theft can be simply put as cyber crime for profit. It ranges from illegal copying of cop y righted material to using technology to commit traditional theft-based offenses such as larceny and fraud. Cyber theft includes various acts such as: computer fraud, which involves theft of information like copying software for profit; salami slice fraud, whereby the perpetrator cautiously skins small sums from the balance of the large number of accounts in order to bypass internal controls and escape detection; software theft, which deprives many authors of significant revenues; and manipulation of accounts in banking (Jaishankar, 2011). Literature review This paper seeks to study the emerging trends in technology, which highlight the increase in the number of cyber theft incidences reported over a period of time. According to Siegel (2011), the Federal Trade Commission has put the number of internet users who have fallen prey to identity theft as 9 million. This clearly indicates how vulnerable internet users are in the entire world. Many internet users use the internet blindly without knowing how dangerous it can be especially where the laid down procedures are not set straight (Carr 2011). Most research studies conducted on cyber theft among the online users have failed to cushion internet users on the looming danger they face when using the internet (Cornelius Hermann 2011). A good example is where some internet users receive mails purporting to have won lotteries and in turn asking for personal information and the bank details. The authors of these emails turn out to be cyber criminals who steal from vulnerable internet users (Jaishankar, 2011). Consequences of cyber theft According to Schaeffer and Chan (2009), the internet has led to revival of the porn industry through the distribution of illegal sexual material since it provides an ideal platform for selling and distributing obscene material. Adult entertainment has permitted the peddling of child pornography across borders, via credit card verification service, which acts as an electronic gateway to the pictures and movies of minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct. Secondly, cyber theft has attempted to extort money from legitimate internet users through the denial of services and threatening to prevent them from having access to the service. Such operations involve flooding the site with many spurious messages that interfere with the user, until they become frustrated and abandon the site, or agree to pay the fee. These crimes have been known to destroy online businesses.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cyber theft specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thirdly, cyber theft in the form of illegal copyright infringement has been on the rise, with groups of individuals working together illegally to obtain software, and then use it to â€Å"crack† or â€Å"rip† its copyright protection, before posting it on the internet for other members to use. Frequently the pirated copies reach the in ternet days and weeks before the legitimate product is commercially available. File Sharing is another form of illegal infringement; it allows internet users to download music and other material without paying the artists and the companies their rightful royalties (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). The fourth result of cyber theft is internet securities fraud. This includes market manipulation, when individuals try to control the price of stock by interfering with the natural forces of supply and demand-either by â€Å"pump and dump† or â€Å"cyber smear†. In pump and dump, erroneous and deceptive information is posted online to make unsuspecting investors to become interested in stocks, and sell previously purchased stock at inflated price. Cyber smear is reverse of the pump and dump, when negative information is spread online, driving down the price and enabling the people buy at artificially low price, before the company officers inflate the price. Fifth is i dentity theft. Schaeffer and Chan (2009), explain identity theft as the process whereby an individual uses the internet to steal someone’s identity to open a new credit card account or conduct some other financial transaction. This also includes phishing, which involves illegal access to victims’ personal information. The victim is informed about the problems in his account and suggested to fix it. Once all the personal information, including social security number is provided, the perpetrators proceed to access the victim’s bank account and credit card, and buy things with those accounts. The perpetrator can also open a new account without the victim’s knowledge or choose to implant viruses into their software that forwards their e-mails to other recipients (Schaeffer, Chan, Chan, Ogulnick, 2009). E-tailing fraud is another form of cyber theft, which involves the illegal buying or selling merchandise. E-tailing scams involve failure to deliver promised purchase or services or substituting the cheaper or used material for higher quality purchases.Advertising Looking for research paper on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This form of cyber theft involves top of the line electronic equipment over the internet, then purchasing similar-looking cheaper quality. The cheaper item is then returned to the E-Tailer after switching the bar code and the boxes with the more expensive unit. The buyer gets the refund for the higher quality product. The seventh form of cyber theft is the use of email chain letters, whereby the victims are sent official looking e-mail letters requesting cooperation by sending a report to five friends or relatives. Those who respond are then asked to pay to keep the chain going. The last form of cyber theft is one that allows individuals to fish information of all kinds. This is usually offered in the form of a CD program that you can use to find out personal information on someone. Such information is them sold, in the case of public records. Alternatively, the seller can sell false software in order to access a willing buyer’s credit account number. Cyber theft attacks For individual computer users, cyber crime is most likely to occur through casual infections and unfortunate happenstance. Reports indicate that the best defence against this kind of crime is more knowledgeable computer users and routine IT hygiene. There is a balance to be struck in terms of encouraging technology usage without engendering over-reliance upon it. While users should be expected to have protection, they should not be lulled into a false belief that it will solve all their problems Cornelius Hermann also suggest that technology needs to be understood in the wider context of safe online behaviour (Cornelius Hermann, 2011). This is because people have the tendency of approaching technology as just another consumer appliance like a video machine, which comes with ‘a series of services. There is little interest among consumers in how computers work or in understanding the principles of how those computers connect with the internet. Method The purpose of this research w as to make a contribution towards understanding and responding to cyber theft, as well as providing an insight into the characteristics and motivation of the perpetrators of cyber theft or fraud. The study involved the assessment of various literatures on cyber theft, in order to obtain possible explanations for the putative differences between offenders perpetrating e-fraud and classical fraud. Among the literature is the evaluation of criminological theories that sought to explain the emergence of new group offenders, in cyber theft, and the factors that facilitate their growth, such as the perceived anonymity and the disappearance of barriers of time and space (Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study, 2011). Research methods There is some knowledge about certain types of cyber crimes and how the offenders responsible for these various acts operate. Previous research methods involved observations on the Internet and interviews with key persons such as police officers. This researc h complements these previous reports and seeks a comprehensive strategy, while offering a more in-depth analysis. This study involved literature review, which was used to create some insight into the characteristics of the offenders that are known at this moment. Through (online) libraries such as ScienceDirect and Leicester E-Link books, articles and reports on the subject have been retrieved and relevant publications have been studied. Publications have been selected with the keywords: ‘fraud’, ‘cyber theft, ‘con’, ‘deception’, ‘deceit’ and other terms with similar meanings (Cornelius Hermann, 2011). Results With the increase in bandwidth the file transfer rate has been increased considerably. Hackers can now transfer more data in a single second due to the increased speeds, which also allow the users to download third party applications with which they can have access to others computers or mobile phones. Operating System s with patches are also available on the internet. So in developing countries, the people can download pirated versions of operating system and third party software easily with the help of large bandwidth internet (Siegel, 2011). Cyber theft has also affected social engineering. This has been possible due to the increasing accessibility of the internet, as well as faster speeds, which allow more and more people to join into the cyber world, making their individual information more prone to be attacked. A good example of this is the article by Whitehurst, whereby a man who was seeking friendship and love online was later robbed by the lady. This happened on Valentines Day, and the lady surprised the man when she suggested changing her clothes but instead came back with two men, armed with a taser and knife, to rob the man. Social networking sites like facebook, myspace, twitter and orkut among others make it easy for people to access personal information on various people by hacking the account of that individual. A fake social networking site login page is sent to the user with an attractive link so that by login into that page can send the user name and password of that user to the hacker (Whitehurst, 2009). With more people online, the possibility of viruses, spam and Trojan horses affecting more people is increased. Hackers can easily get into the remote computers and infect a whole network within seconds with the faster access of internet. Besides this, the increasing number of people with access to the internet may potentially affect the growth of Film and Music Industry. Access to reliable Internet services allows people to download movies that have been pirated. This is increasing the piracy of movies and songs, as the revenue is flowing to the illegal sites rather than the producer of movie or the songs (Siegel, 2011). Now-a-days nations have electronically connected all their economic, defence and national security establishments which will be the tar get for cyber attacks during a conflict or to create instabilities. With the increase internet speeds and user access, these sites are more prone to attack as hackers can have more bandwidth and can destruct in more networks in less time. A good example of such damage is the accessibility of information that allowed wiki-leaks to spring up, releasing sensitive information to the public that was potentially damaging (Siegel, 2011). Discussion This research identified many areas where there are currently deficiencies in law enforcement response to cyber crime. Research has shown that there is high volume of malicious computer activities with minimal counter measures to defeat cyber theft globally. Here we are looking at some counter measures to defeat cyber theft such as cyber crisis planning, regular surveillance, introduction of access controls and security training. Cyber crisis planning Effective crisis planning and crisis management processes must be developed to enable businesse s to continue operating following failure of, or damage to, vital services or facilities. This process involves: identification and prioritization of critical business processes including the technology that supports them (servers, databases, applications) and technology owners; identification and agreement with respect to all responsibilities and emergency arrangements for business continuity planning and recovery with all affected parties throughout the organization; documentation of workarounds (electronic and manual) and/or rectification procedures and a linkage to any relevant reference material or documents; appropriate education of staff in the execution of the agreed emergency procedures and processes; checklists and procedure guidelines to assist all parties to recover from a crisis or disaster; and testing and updating of the plans on a regular basis (Jaishankar, 2011). Regular surveillance Many companies overlook the fact that security monitoring or surveillance is necess ary in order to protect their information assets. Security Information Management Systems (SIM), if configured properly, can be useful in collecting and correlating security data (system logs, firewall logs, anti-virus logs, user profiles, physical access logs, etc.) to help identify internal threats and external threats. A successful surveillance program includes practices such as: security in depth, whereby several layers of security are introduced, and surveillance on each layer of security will help identify the severity of a security event, alerts coming from the internal corporate network might be more urgent than on the external network; critical business data encryption with strict role-based access controls and logging of all changes for an accurate audit trail; implementation of a policy of â€Å"least privileges access† with respect to sensitive information and regular review of logs for suspicious activity; review of Identity Management Process to determine who ha s access to what information on the corporate network and ensure that the access of ex-employees, contractors and vendors is eliminated when they are no longer needed or leave the organization; and placement of Network Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems throughout the corporate network to help detect suspicious or malicious activity (Jaishankar, 2011). Access controls Curiosity is a natural human trait. The viewing of private records of political figures and celebrities has led to people losing their jobs or being criminally convicted. Most of these workplace incidents were not tied to identity theft or other bad intentions, but were simply instances of employees taking advantage of access control policy gaps, sometimes without realizing that they were breaking privacy laws and exposing their organizations to risk. So companies need to focus on ensuring that employees’ access to information is required for their particular job. Sometimes employees’ access is supple mented as they are promoted, transferred, or temporarily assigned to another department within the organization. Users that drag such excess access into their new role may create holes in corporate security or create other business risks. These are common problems in large organizations, a natural consequence of the pressure on IT departments to provide access quickly when employees are transferred or promoted. Organizations should consider putting automated controls in place for cyber-access to ensure that user privileges are appropriate to their particular job function or process role. Access to personally identifiable information must be governed by the need; there must be a valid business reason for access (Jaishankar, 2011). Security Training and Awareness The human factor is the weakest link in any information security program. Communicating the importance of information security and promoting safe computing are vital in securing a company against cyber crime. Some ways of pre venting cyber theft include: using passphrases that combine symbols, numerical and letters, and keeping them hidden; educate employees and executives on the latest cyber security threats and what they can do to help protect critical information assets; avoiding links or attachments in e-mail from untrusted sources; avoiding sending sensitive business files to personal email addresses; reporting suspicious/malicious activity to security personnel immediately; securing all mobile devices when travelling, and reporting lost or stolen items to the technical support for remote kill/deactivation; and educating the community about phishing attacks and how to report fraudulent activity (Jaishankar, 2011). Conclusion The risks of cyber crime are very real and too ominous to be ignored. Every franchisor and licensor, indeed every business owner, has to face up to their vulnerability and do something about it. At the very least, every company must conduct a professional analysis of their cyber security and cyber risk; engage in a plan to minimize the liability; insure against losses to the greatest extent possible; and implement and promote a well-thought-out cyber policy, including crisis management in the event of a worst case scenario. A healthier online community should be promoted by willing to establish a trusted system which is similar to what we have for doctors, paramedics and epidemiologists in human health. In addition to this, computer users need to know who and where to get help with a malware issue. Prevention or wellness is another topic that should be adopted from human health. To do so, we must begin with an understanding of what it takes to keep a system healthy and develop the social and technical norms to encourage the healthy state of all devices. Finally, as with epidemic preparedness, industry and government must be prepared for a potential malware outbreak in a way that leverages the trusted system (Carr, 2011). References Carr, J. (2011). Inside Cyber Warfare: Mapping the Cyber Underworld. New York: OReilly Media. Cornelius, K., Hermann, D. (2011). Virtual Worlds and Criminality. New York: Springer. Jaishankar, K. (2011). Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Criminal. New York: CRC Press. Schaeffer, B. S., Chan, H., Chan, H., Ogulnick, S. (2009). Cyber Crime and Cyber Security. Wolters Kluwer Law Business , 4-11. Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study. (2011). Traverse City, Michigan: Ponemon Institute. Siegel, J. L. (2011). Criminology. New York: Cengage Learning. Whitehurst, L. (2009, February 19). Internet love connection turns into robbery. Retrieved from https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=11739743itype=NGPSIDkeyword=qtype=

BMW Human Resources Policy

BMW Human Resources Policy Organisations, Analysis and Policy REPORT To: Senior Management From: Group Accountant Date: 2 nd May 2005 Subject: BMW Organisational Analysis andHuman Resources Policies This report will provide a detailed analysis of BMW’scurrent corporate appraisal analysis. This will help to identify the company’scurrent strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This will help thecompanies decision makers understand where the organisation is now. The reportwill also critically evaluate BMW’s human resources policy as a key area of theorganisation. We will highlight how BMW has strategically responded to thedrivers for change in terms of its structure, conduct and performance. Finally,offer recommendations for the future development and improvements in humanresource management, and how those will impact on its organisational structure,conduct and performance. Company Background The BMW Group is the only manufacturer of automobiles andmotorcycles worldwide that concen trates entirely on premium standards andoutstanding quality for all its brands and across all relevant segments. With the brands BMW, MINI andRolls-Royce Motor Cars, the BMW Group has been focussing on selected premiumsegments in the international automobile market since the year 2000. In thesucceeding years, the launch of the BMW 1 Series meant an expansion of themodel range in the premium segment of the lower middle class and the BMW 6Series did likewise in the segment of the large CoupÃÆ'Â ©s and Convertibles. TheMINI marque was launched and production began in the Oxford plant in 2001. In2003, the BMW Group assumed marque responsibility for Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.At the same time, the Worldwide Head Office and Manufacturing Plant inGoodwood, GB, was built. ( AnInternal and corporate analysis in terms of strength, weaknesses, opportunitiesand threats (SWOT) will assist in gaining an understanding of where BMW iscurrently in terms of strengths and where improvement is required w ithin thebusiness and what outside environmental threats it may face as well as what newopportunities are available to the company in the short and medium term. Figure 1:BMW SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS Diverse ranges of Products – BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce Strong Cash Flow Position Increase turnover and trading profits Strong Balance Sheet World’s leading Premium Quality Automobile Manufacturer Brand Awareness Human resources Capabilities to turn resources into advantages OPPORTUNITIES New Products Market shift to globalisation Innovation & Alliances Customers demand change to more comfortable and relevantly cheap cars Diversification New Technologies in Automobiles WEAKNESSES Perception of High Prices Customer disinterest Environmental issues: Pollutions Buyer sophistication and knowledge Substitute products or technologies THREATS New & existing competition Volatility in Price of Fuel New legislations Consequences of the oil crisis September 11 th Economic recession Market shift to globalisation Takeover bids Far-East Automobile companies expansion Extremely high competition for customers and resources The Five Forces Model Figure2: Five Forces Model – ACCA Paper 3.5 (2001) Threats from Potential entrants Suppliers Bargaining power Competitive Rivalry Buyers Bargaining power Threats from Substitutes Porterexplains that there are five forces inherent in a market, which will jointlydetermine the intensity of competition and profitability of BMW and theautomobile industry. The first is the threat posed by new entrants, the highcapital expenditure and confidence of customers represent significant barriersto entry and the market is also sensitive to reputation. However, the emergentof low cost manufactures do pose a significant threat (as illustrated by figure2). There is an opportunity in the low price/ low economy (fast) sector. MaybeHyundai or Daewoo could consider introducing a low cost sport saloon. The second is the threats from substitutes, as thereare many make and model of other premium branded cars, hence, Jaguar, MercedesBenz, Audi etc. The third force is the threats from the bargaining power ofbuyers, is this strong for both BMW and the entire automobile industry with alarge number of alternative suppliers, hence, the aggressive pricing strategy.This results in a very strong competitive rivalry in the industry. This isintensified as a result of little or no differentiation in the basic productoffered. Finally the threats from the suppliers bargaining power, this isfairly low in the automobile industry, due to dual sourcing strategies, using arange of alternative sources of supply for parts.

Does business have a responsibility to provide employees with more Essay

Does business have a responsibility to provide employees with more satisfying work lives Or to better accommodate their family needs - Essay Example Employees need to work and associated with a place that lack the irritants, inconveniences and also frustrations within their productive workplaces (Adler, 2012). The business need create the office as a welcoming communal area for talented employees to come up with big ideas and also deliver excellence. Happiness should never be shunned at the place of work, it should never be the objective of the business. This is the actual quality of a work setting that can assist the employees to find satisfaction and meaning in their work place and develop a sustainable productivity. Rather than focusing on the subjective needs, management need to develop a tone for the culture of the company and to make sure that the workplace and business fully focusses on the hope, drive, and also dream for the employees (Adler, 2012). For this reason, satisfaction for the work lives need to be the main area of the office

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 24

Business Law - Essay Example If there are intensions to incorporate the business then one has to confirm with the state filing office whether the name has already been claimed or it’s in use. The companies can share a name if the other businesses offer different services and goods and also located in different regions (Minniti, 2008). The name of the business should be rich in words which reflect the business functions. In the social media the name of the business should be claimed early enough in the naming process. Registering the business name should involve the process which is known as DBA trade name or name. This process does not provide the protection of the company’s trademark but it allows the government to record that the business is done as a name other than a personal name (Minniti, 2008). As the company’s owners we should apply for trademark protection since the name is the most valuable asset in any business. The company should comply with the food laws regarding the manufacturing of ice cream in the U.S. The company is based on the FDA food code 2009: chapter 3 which states that all food should be unadulterated, safe and honestly presented (Curtis, 2013). The American law also states that milk products such as ice cream should comply with Grade A Standards, the law specifies that frozen milk products like ice cream should be obtained pasteurized and this is specified in 21 CFR 135- frozen desserts. The law as well states that the food packages should be in excellent condition in order to preserve the integrity of the product and ensure that the contents are not exposed potential contaminants and adulteration. The company will also comply with the consumer protection and food allergen labelling act of 2004 which stresses all the ingredients of the products to be stated clearly in normal names that are well known to customer to

Free Essays on Picture of Dorian Gray: The Sin of Dorian :: The Picture of Dorian Gray Essays

The Sin of Dorian Gray The beauty of Dorian Gray lies within his youth, but ugly of sin. It is said that something is beauitful than it's not confined to realm of morality and immorality. He beautiful people are immoral. So he purse his curiosity of pleasure by using his body. As a temple of beauty his body it used for exotic pleasure for his twisted mind. Also he tried to evade other moral laws to the purse of pleasure. His soul is unclean of sin and ugliness of a pleasure life. Dorian Gray's innocence's of youthful mind is destroyed. To a corrupt failed life of virtue, but from downfall bad influences. Yet ideal influencing of passion counterbalanced him. There is a contrast in that of age and youth to good vs. evil. The author Oscar Wilde of the novel represents a theme of corruption. Dorian Gray's life goes back and forth of moral and immoral perspectives. Dorian Gray's life style and mind is corrupted as a result of a sinful life. The Picture of Dorian Gray presents the relationship of beauty and morality. Dorian Gray is beautiful and immoral to age that is corrupt together. The immoral body of Dorian Gray is beauty. For example, he is immorally beauitful, and the portrait morally ugly. From his prayer to tranform to the protrait which bears all, and forever remain young. In fact, his beauty is immoral from it ugliness of horror able trail of self-indulgences. On the other hand, his soul is immoral, but has a twist of innocence in the portrait. Dorian Gray is totally self-conscious about his beauty. So he lives by a philosophy of life. There is society it is all conventions from fidelity in marriage to charity toward the poor. To be hypocritical cover for people's selfish motives is his weigh. He is ridicules the goals of philanthripy and he's swept away by this logic. Dorian Gray is a complete aesthete, living his life in search of beauty and pleasure to the exclusion of all moral responsibility. He places no limits on the kinds of pleasures he allows himself. Every act he made was craven and selfish acts. These searches ensure his beauty. He is very aware that youth and beauty is all he is and has therefore he lives. There is a moral conflict between good and evil which result innocence temptation.

Let the Punishment Fit the Crime Essay

If you can’t do the time don’t do the crime or how about let the punishment fit the crime. These two statements have been around for years. If someone commits a crime they should be punish but to what extent? Should similar crimes be dealt with the same? Such as if a person had a small amount of marijuana for personal use in a car at school, or they had an ounce of marijuana in their vehicle in a school zone. Should the law treat these incidents the same? Or should they treat these cases differently? Some people believe you should be sentence to a mandatory jail term no matter what crime you commit. They feel this will deter people from committing crimes. Others feel criminals are doing too much time for mostly none violent criminal activity which put a strain on entire communities. This debate has been brewing for years. Are mandatory minimum sentences doing more harm than good? The movement to establish mandatory minimum sentences for drug related offenses began in the early 1950†s and gained momentum in the early 1970s (Carrillo, 2000). At this time the judge had the discretion of giving the defendant a mandatory sentence or a more lenient sentence. In 1986 the law was changed were as the judge lost the power to make a choice in the length of a sentence he or she could impose on an offender. They had to follow strict sentencing guidelines which some judges was even oppose to. The main reason for the mandatory minimum sentences during the earlier stages in the game was due to the growing drug trade. This was a losing effort by law enforcement to stop the trafficking of drugs into the United States. In the eyes of many this obviously didn’t work. As time went on the drug trade became bigger and better with more sophisticated technics and more potent drugs.

Contributors to our Successful Government Essay - 853 Words

Our government has been shaped and molded from an unsuccessful government to a highly sufficient government. There are many contributors to our government. Many of the top contributors include; The Articles of Confederation, Thomas Paines Common Sense, Early State Constitutions, The Annapolis convention, And Thomas Jeffersons Declaration of independence ( the Preamble). In 1754, during the Revolutionary War the Continental congress created the Articles of Confederations, as a format for a United Government. The Articles of Confederation linked the 13 states together to deal with common problems, but in practice they did more than provide a legal basis for the limited authority that the Continental Congress was already excercising.†¦show more content†¦The defeats were; the barriers set up to limit trade and commerce between the largely independent states under the Articles of Confederation. In January of 1776, Thomas Paine, a part-time corset maker and tax collector from England,published a pamphlet known as Common Sense. Paine unleashed his anger and directed it towards King George III. While Colonial leaders wrote petitions to persuade the king to relinquish control of the colonies, Thomas Paine step forwarded and called the king, â€Å" A Royal Brute†, unworthy of Americas respect. Common Sense called for an end to the colonists political wavering over British rule and promoted the idea of an American Republic where free citizens, not a Monarch,were in control. Within months of Common Sense being released 150,000 copies were released into circulation, throughout the colonies. Many colonist considered Paines view of a new American political system apart from Great Britians radical view, it inspired Patriots to break free from tradition and support independance. In the late 1776, members of congress believed a formal plan was needed to unify the colonies, secure foreign assistance,and formally declare Americas break from England. When Thomas Jefferson formed the Declaration of Independence, the Congress called the colonies to craft new state constitutions. Although the Articles of Confederation left the Central government weak, it empowered the states. The newShow MoreRelatedThe Case Against Monarchy1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Case Against Monarchy The idea that a monarchy is the ideal form of government is a fallacy. Al-Farabi and Aquinas’ ideas about government are wrong, and are filled with irreparable holes. In modern times, the idea of a monarchy has become counter-intuitive and counter-productive. A democratic republic paired with an educated and empowered middle-class is the solution to the quandary of how to create the perfect government. 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Our world has grown tremendously since the inception of business and management and continues to grow on a daily basis. With the inventions of cell phones, the internet and social media, countries are connecting with one another like never before. This growth in interconnectedness through globalization has allowed for increased international trade as well as c ultural exchange. However, globalizationRead MoreHow Effective Would an Increase in Government Spending Be at Promoting Economic Growth?1221 Words   |  5 PagesHow effective would an increase in government spending be at promoting economic growth? Economic growth is best defined as a long-term expansion of the productive potential of the economy. Sustained economic growth should lead higher real living standards and rising employment. Short term growth is measured by the annual % change in real GDP. Government spending is a way of increasing aggregate demand, and if successful can help boost economic growth. 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Several contributors cause this deadly virus and disease such as promiscuity, homosexuality, female circumcision, sugar daddies, sexual crime, rape, prostitution, cultural practices, misconception, ignorance and denial, and increase in mobility and industrializationRead MoreThe Importance Of Education On Education827 Words   |  4 Pagesschools? The definition of a democracy is â€Å"a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.† (Merriam-Webster) To have an effective democracy, everyone must take part equally. If everyone is involved in government you would want to educate citizens as much as you can, so their participation is educationally based. The article also talks about how the government is not for the people but, of and by the people. This means